【新知】CDC Officially Admits People With HIV Who Are Undetectable Can't Transmit HIV

After hundreds of other experts and HIV organizations have already signed on to a pledge that recognizes that people living with HIV whose treatment has brought their viral load to an undetectable level — which is nearly half of all HIV-positive people in the U.S. — do not transmit HIV to any other person, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has come out with the definitive statement on the subject.

In recognition of National Gay Men’s HIV/AIDS Awareness Day, the CDC memo stated, "On this day, we join together in taking actions to prevent HIV among gay and bisexual men and ensure that all gay and bisexual men living with HIV get the care they need to stay healthy." Gay and bisexual men, the CDC noted, continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV, with, "more than 26,000 gay and bisexual men received an HIV diagnosis in 2015, representing two-thirds of all new diagnoses in the United States, and diagnoses increased among Hispanic/Latino gay and bisexual men from 2010 to 2014."

【論文分享】Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in primary care: a health economics modelling analysis

Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in primary care: a health economics modelling analysis

Dr Rebecca F Baggaley, PhD'Correspondence information about the author Dr Rebecca F BaggaleyEmail the author Dr Rebecca F Baggaley, Michael A Irvine, PhD*, Werner Leber, PhD*, Valentina Cambiano, PhD, Jose Figueroa, MFPH, Heather McMullen, PhD, Prof Jane Anderson, FRCP, Andreia C Santos, PhD, Fern Terris-Prestholt, PhD, Alec Miners, PhD, Prof T Déirdre Hollingsworth, PhD†, Prof Chris J Griffiths, DPhil†

*Contributed equally
†Contributed equally

Published: 30 July 2017

【新知轉載】HIV and Diabetes

Last Reviewed: October 6, 2017

Key Points

• Diabetes is a disease in which levels of blood glucose (also called blood sugar) are too high. Glucose comes from the breakdown of the foods we eat and is our main source of energy. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
• Use of some HIV medicines may increase blood glucose levels and lead to type 2 diabetes. Other risk factors for type 2 diabetes include a family history of diabetes, being overweight, and lack of physical activity.
• People with HIV should have their blood glucose levels checked before they start taking HIV medicines. People with higher-than-normal glucose levels may need to avoid taking some HIV medicines and use other HIV medicines instead.
• Blood glucose testing is also important after starting HIV medicines. If testing shows high glucose levels, a change in HIV medicines may be necessary.
• Type 2 diabetes can often be controlled with a healthy diet and regular exercise. A healthy diet includes vegetables, fruits, beans, whole grains, and lean meats and is low in processed foods high in sugar and salt. Regular exercise means being active for 30 minutes on most days of the week. Sometimes, in addition to a healthy diet and regular physical activity, some people may need to take medicines to control type 2 diabetes.

【新知轉載】愛滋病的每日藥物，可能被一年6次的針劑取代

2017-08-03

疾病的治療方式其實也容易對病患的生活造成影響，特別是需要每日服用的藥物，患者可能因忘記或忙碌而忽略，進而影響到治療的效果。《The Lancet》日前刊登美國製藥公司的最新發表，研究團隊表示，在未來對抗愛滋病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)的方式──除了透過每日服用口服藥物，還有機會透過久久一次的注射方式，讓患者的生活更便利。研究中作者招募309位愛滋病患者作為受試者進行試驗。實驗結果顯示，每一個月以及每兩個月注射一次藥物針劑的受試族群，其所產生的治療效果，包括抑制病毒、避免病毒摧毀患者的免疫系統、停止愛滋病的進程發展等，與每日服用抗反轉錄病毒藥物療法(antiretroviral medication)的藥錠之族群相當。

新聞出處：Injections ‘next revolution’ in HIV - study《BBC》
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-40703336
研究刊登在《The Lancet》的網頁
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)31917-7/fulltext

原文網址：全球醫藥新知網站-愛滋病的每日藥物，可能被一年6次的針劑取代

【網站推薦】Oral PrEP Learning Resource Package

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【新知】Is PrEP making a difference? Top HIV researchers provide answers

July 23, 2017, by Emily Newman

BETA is attending and reporting from the 2017 International AIDS Society conference on HIV Science this week in Paris, France from July 23 to 26—bringing you the latest news, updates, and research on HIV treatment and prevention.

As countries, cities and agencies worldwide ramp up their investment in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services for people at risk for HIV, many are wondering: Is this strategy working in the “real world”—outside the safe parameters of clinical trials?

At the International AIDS Society conference this week, three researchers offered evidence to this point. Here’s what we learned about how the scale-up of PrEP health services (along with other PrEP awareness and educational campaigns) is helping to reduce the number of new HIV infections in communities and countries around the world.

【UPDATE】 Leading scientists celebrate progress towards 90-90-90 targets

原文網址：Leading scientists celebrate progress towards 90-90-90 targets

25 JULY 2017

Hundreds of the world’s leading HIV researchers, programme planners and implementers and civil society advocates gathered prior to the 2017 IAS Conference on HIV Science to assess progress towards the 90-90-90 targets. The workshop, sponsored by the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (IAPAC) and UNAIDS, in partnership with the Global Network of People Living with HIV, focused on the latest data on progress and on new opportunities to continue to speed gains towards the 90-90-90 milestones.

The targets were launched by UNAIDS in 2014 to accelerate progress so that, by 2020, 90% of all people living with HIV know their HIV status, 90% of all people with diagnosed HIV are accessing sustained antiretroviral therapy and 90% of all people accessing antiretroviral therapy are virally suppressed. In 2016, for the first time, more than two-thirds of people living with HIV knew their HIV status and more than half of all people living with HIV had access to antiretroviral therapy.

臺灣暴露前口服預防性投藥使用指引

指引下載網站：台灣愛滋病學會

【NEWS】FDA Approves Generic Truvada for HIV Treatment and PrEP

However, Gilead Sciences, the brand-name manufacturer of Truvada, insists a generic version “will not be immediately available.”

June 9, 2017 • By Benjamin Ryan

In a move that has taken HIV advocates by surprise and stewed considerable confusion, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a generic formulation of Gilead Sciences’ blockbuster antiretroviral (ARV) Truvada (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine). This decision could have major implications for the future cost of Truvada, to insurers and consumers alike.

However, Gilead insisted in a statement, “A generic version of Truvada will not be immediately available. It’s important to note that there are a number of factors involved in commercialization that are not tied directly to FDA approval.”

【會議】CROI 2017: Seattle

會議網址：CROI 2017: Seattle

The annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) brings together top basic, translational, and clinical researchers from around the world to share the latest studies, important developments, and best research methods in the ongoing battle against HIV/AIDS and related infectious diseases. CROI is a global model of collaborative science and the premier international venue for bridging basic and clinical investigation to clinical practice in the field of HIV and related viruses.

CROI 2017 was held from February 13 to February 16, 2017, in Seattle, Washington, at the Washington State Convention Center. Webcasts, abstracts, electronic posters, and other electronic resources from CROI 2017 are now available online.

The CROI Foundation partners with the International Antiviral Society–USA (IAS–USA) for organization of the conference.

【組織推薦】amfAR 美國愛滋病研究基金

網站網址：amfAR

Introduction and History

amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, is one of the world’s leading nonprofit organizations dedicated to the support of AIDS research, HIV prevention, treatment education, and the advocacy of sound AIDS-related public policy.  Since 1985, amfAR has invested more than $388 million in its programs and has awarded more than 3,300 grants to research teams worldwide.

When the condition that would come to be known as AIDS was first observed among a few gay men in New York City, it caused immediate concern among a group of physicians and scientists that included Mathilde Krim, Ph.D., then a researcher at New York's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. An informal study group was formed to explore the underlying cause of the diverse, severe, and apparently unrelated symptoms these early patients exhibited. This cause was quickly identified as a profound acquired immune deficiency, probably of infectious origin.

男性的STD教戰手冊

下載後可直接從目錄點選至需要的頁面喔。

Extensively Drug-Resistant HIV Yields to a New Drug: Ibalizumab

原文網址：Extensively Drug-Resistant HIV Yields to a New Drug: Ibalizumab

Extensively Drug-Resistant HIV Yields to a New Drug: Ibalizumab
By Myles Helfand
From TheBodyPRO.com
October 31, 2016

HIV clinicians who have patients in declining health due to extensive HIV drug resistance may soon have a new lifesaving option: ibalizumab. The HIV entry inhibitor in development shows highly encouraging antiretroviral activity in the days after it is first administered, according to early Phase 3 study results presented at IDWeek 2016 by Jacob Lalezari, M.D. Lalezari discussed the results at a press conference on Oct. 28 and during an oral abstract presentation on Oct. 29.
Ibalizumab is "not the most potent drug we've seen for HIV, but it's ... very good," Lalezari said. More to the point, he said, it is "maybe all we have right now" for people who have few to no HIV treatment options remaining due to the development of multidrug resistance. He described the drug as being aimed at people with HIV who have been "left behind by an otherwise amazing evolution in HIV treatment."

Second case of HIV infection on PrEP

原文網址：Second case of HIV infection on PrEP

Second case of HIV infection on PrEP

October 18, 2016, by Emily Newman

At the HIV Research for Prevention conference in Chicago today, the HIV community received news of the second well-documented PrEP failure case. Howard Grossman, from Cleveland Clinic in Florida, shared information about a male client on Truvada PrEP since January 1, 2016 who seroconverted. Here’s what we know about what happened.
The man on PrEP who seroconverted was a man in his 20s who has sex with other men. He was in a relationship with a man who has been living with HIV since 2012 and who has maintained an undetectable viral load.
The man on PrEP did not acquire HIV from his primary male partner. This was confirmed by genetic comparisons of the strain of HIV acquired by the man on PrEP and the strain of the partner, which revealed they were “unrelated viral populations.”
The man on PrEP had two other sex partners on two separate occasions 5.5 and 11 weeks before testing positive for HIV. Both times, the man on PrEP was the “top,” or insertive sex partner. Grossman concluded that the man’s history was “consistent with transmission during condomless insertive anal intercourse.”
The man on PrEP was adherent to PrEP. “Excellent adherence” was confirmed by measures of tenofovir in blood spots and hair taken from the client.
The man on PrEP acquired a multi-drug resistant form of HIV, with high-level resistance to lamivudine, abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, tenofovir, efavirenz, nevirapine, and rilpivirine. Because the type of HIV he was exposed to was resistant to the drugs in Truvada PrEP (tenofovir and emtricitabine), PrEP was not able to prevent HIV infection.
Read more about PrEP and drug resistant HIV on BETA.

amfAR Publishes Recommendations for Health Plans and Health Care Purchasers to Support Efforts to Curb the HIV Epidemic in the U.S.

原文網址：amfAR Publishes Recommendations for Health Plans and Health Care Purchasers to Support Efforts to Curb the HIV Epidemic in the U.S.

amfAR Publishes Recommendations for Health Plans and Health Care Purchasers to Support Efforts to Curb the HIV Epidemic in the U.S.

amfAR Publishes Recommendations for Health Plans and Health Care Purchasers to Support Efforts to Curb the HIV Epidemic in the U.S.
From amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research
October 13, 2016
New York -- Today, amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research released a new report, Curbing the HIV Epidemic by Supporting Effective Engagement in HIV Care: Recommendations for Health Plans and Health Care Purchasers, which highlights the critical role of health plans and health care purchasers, including Medicaid and Medicare programs, marketplaces, and employers, in moving the nation toward ending the domestic HIV epidemic.
According to the report, there are a relatively small number of actionable and meaningful steps that these entities can take that will improve health outcomes, reduce preventable HIV-related health spending, and contribute to the development of more tightly integrated systems of care.
"While we have the science and the tools to stop HIV transmissions and support all people with HIV to lead long and healthy lives, the HIV community cannot achieve this vision alone," said Greg Millett, amfAR Vice President and Director, Public Policy. "We hope that this report shows health plans and major health care purchasers that they can take a small number of strategic steps to provide better care to their members that will help us achieve critical national goals."
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amfAR worked in partnership with a group of leading researchers in HIV/AIDS policy to identify changes in policy and practice in clinics, communities, and health care programs to reduce unnecessary health spending, increase the effectiveness of services, and increase the integration of services.

Evidence that “on-demand” PrEP taken before and after sex can prevent HIV

原文網址：Evidence that “on-demand” PrEP taken before and after sex can prevent HIV

Evidence that “on-demand” PrEP taken before and after sex can prevent HIV

September 8, 2016, by Emily Newman

How many doses of Truvada-based PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) are needed to provide adequate protection against HIV? Might it be possible to take PrEP only before and after sex—instead of every day?
In the U.S., once-daily dosing with Truvada is the only approved method of PrEP by the FDA—since continuous therapy provides the most complete protection against HIV. Researchers are now investigating, however, if other dosing schedules may also be effective—to reduce cost and also provide the most flexibility to PrEP users.
A recent article published in The Lancet HIV provides insight into this very question. The researchers report the results from a very small pharmacokinetic study with 21 HIV-negative participants. The participants, who took Truvada daily for a total of 30 days, had the level of drug measured in their blood at day 1 (after their first dose), 3, 7, 20, and 30. Based on drug concentration modelling, the researchers were able to estimate the proportion of people who achieved protective levels of drug with each different dose level.

Sex 58,000 Times With Undetectable Partners = Zero HIV Transmission: Learn More

原文網址：Sex 58,000 Times With Undetectable Partners = Zero HIV Transmission: Learn More

Sex 58,000 Times With Undetectable Partners = Zero HIV Transmission: Learn More

By JD Davids
From TheBody.com
July 14, 2016

The PARTNER study looks at HIV transmission risk in couples -- both gay and straight -- where one person is on HIV treatment and has an undetectable viral load and the other is HIV negative. On July 12, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) published the striking finding that, even after 58,000 sex acts by 1166 couples not using condoms, there were no cases of HIV transmission between them. Zero. None.

After so many years of fear and loss during the HIV epidemic, it can be hard to believe even extremely good and well-proven news. Throw in a hefty dose of persistent and pernicious HIV stigma, and it's not surprising to see a lot of resistance to spreading the word about this revolution.

TheBody.com offers these tools for sharing the news about the new era of HIV prevention that includes treatment as prevention (TasP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

What we’re learning about new PrEP drugs and delivery methods at AIDS 2016

原文網址：What we’re learning about new PrEP drugs and delivery methods at AIDS 2016

What we’re learning about new PrEP drugs and delivery methods at AIDS 2016

July 21, 2016, by Emily Newman

BETA is reporting from the 21st International AIDS Conference this week in Durban, South Africa—bringing you the latest news, updates, and research on HIV treatment and prevention.

The drug maraviroc is safe and well-tolerated as pre-exposure prophylaxis for women

Maraviroc, a drug that is already on the market to treat HIV (brand name, Selzentry), is a CCR5 antagonist that concentrates in the genital tract and rectum, and selects for drug resistance uncommonly—making it a desirable product for PrEP, if it works.

臺灣暴露前口服預防性投藥使用指引-臺灣愛滋病學會

Integrating collaborative TB and HIV services within a comprehensive package of care for people who inject drugs Consolidated guidelines

原文網址：WHO | Integrating collaborative TB and HIV services within a comprehensive package of care for people who inject drugs

全文下載：Integrating collaborative TB and HIV services within a comprehensive package of care for people who inject drugs