【國外Guideline更新】Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States

What's New in the Guidelines

Last Updated: November 14, 2017; Last Reviewed: November 14, 2017

The Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States (Perinatal Guidelines) are published in an electronic format that can be updated as relevant changes in prevention and treatment recommendations occur. The Panel on Treatment of Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission (the Panel) is committed to timely changes in this document because so many health care providers, patients, and policy experts rely on this source for vital clinical information.

Major revisions within the last 12 months are as follows:

【新知】CDC Officially Admits People With HIV Who Are Undetectable Can't Transmit HIV

After hundreds of other experts and HIV organizations have already signed on to a pledge that recognizes that people living with HIV whose treatment has brought their viral load to an undetectable level — which is nearly half of all HIV-positive people in the U.S. — do not transmit HIV to any other person, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has come out with the definitive statement on the subject.

In recognition of National Gay Men’s HIV/AIDS Awareness Day, the CDC memo stated, "On this day, we join together in taking actions to prevent HIV among gay and bisexual men and ensure that all gay and bisexual men living with HIV get the care they need to stay healthy." Gay and bisexual men, the CDC noted, continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV, with, "more than 26,000 gay and bisexual men received an HIV diagnosis in 2015, representing two-thirds of all new diagnoses in the United States, and diagnoses increased among Hispanic/Latino gay and bisexual men from 2010 to 2014."

【國外Guildeline更新】Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents

What's New in the Guidelines

Updates to the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents

The Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Infected Adults and Adolescents document was published in an electronic format that could be easily updated as relevant changes in prevention and treatment recommendations occur.

The editors and subject matter experts are committed to timely changes in this document because so many health care providers, patients, and policy experts rely on this source for vital clinical information.

All changes are developed by the subject matter groups listed in the document (changes in group composition are also promptly posted). These changes are reviewed by the editors and by relevant outside reviewers before the document is altered. Major revisions within the last 6 months are as follows:

【論文分享】Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in primary care: a health economics modelling analysis

Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in primary care: a health economics modelling analysis

Dr Rebecca F Baggaley, PhD'Correspondence information about the author Dr Rebecca F BaggaleyEmail the author Dr Rebecca F Baggaley, Michael A Irvine, PhD*, Werner Leber, PhD*, Valentina Cambiano, PhD, Jose Figueroa, MFPH, Heather McMullen, PhD, Prof Jane Anderson, FRCP, Andreia C Santos, PhD, Fern Terris-Prestholt, PhD, Alec Miners, PhD, Prof T Déirdre Hollingsworth, PhD†, Prof Chris J Griffiths, DPhil†

*Contributed equally
†Contributed equally

Published: 30 July 2017

【新知轉載】HIV and Diabetes

Last Reviewed: October 6, 2017

Key Points

• Diabetes is a disease in which levels of blood glucose (also called blood sugar) are too high. Glucose comes from the breakdown of the foods we eat and is our main source of energy. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
• Use of some HIV medicines may increase blood glucose levels and lead to type 2 diabetes. Other risk factors for type 2 diabetes include a family history of diabetes, being overweight, and lack of physical activity.
• People with HIV should have their blood glucose levels checked before they start taking HIV medicines. People with higher-than-normal glucose levels may need to avoid taking some HIV medicines and use other HIV medicines instead.
• Blood glucose testing is also important after starting HIV medicines. If testing shows high glucose levels, a change in HIV medicines may be necessary.
• Type 2 diabetes can often be controlled with a healthy diet and regular exercise. A healthy diet includes vegetables, fruits, beans, whole grains, and lean meats and is low in processed foods high in sugar and salt. Regular exercise means being active for 30 minutes on most days of the week. Sometimes, in addition to a healthy diet and regular physical activity, some people may need to take medicines to control type 2 diabetes.

【新知轉載】愛滋病的每日藥物，可能被一年6次的針劑取代

2017-08-03

疾病的治療方式其實也容易對病患的生活造成影響，特別是需要每日服用的藥物，患者可能因忘記或忙碌而忽略，進而影響到治療的效果。《The Lancet》日前刊登美國製藥公司的最新發表，研究團隊表示，在未來對抗愛滋病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)的方式──除了透過每日服用口服藥物，還有機會透過久久一次的注射方式，讓患者的生活更便利。研究中作者招募309位愛滋病患者作為受試者進行試驗。實驗結果顯示，每一個月以及每兩個月注射一次藥物針劑的受試族群，其所產生的治療效果，包括抑制病毒、避免病毒摧毀患者的免疫系統、停止愛滋病的進程發展等，與每日服用抗反轉錄病毒藥物療法(antiretroviral medication)的藥錠之族群相當。

新聞出處：Injections ‘next revolution’ in HIV - study《BBC》
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-40703336
研究刊登在《The Lancet》的網頁
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)31917-7/fulltext

原文網址：全球醫藥新知網站-愛滋病的每日藥物，可能被一年6次的針劑取代

【轉知】抗人類免疫缺乏病毒藥品處方使用規範106.09.01